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Expert articles about IT: computer management, cybersecurity, networks, camera systems and practical tips from TIPTECH for businesses and homes.

Business What people write about our website: four e-mails under the microscope (part 2) We publish four real unsolicited e-mails about our bad website, in full and without names. We measured every claim, including an AI visibility test that gave us 26 out of 100. Read article → Business “Your website is not responsive”: who the people sending these e-mails are, and why not to trust them with your site (part 1) Businesses keep getting e-mails about a bad website, weak SEO and an offer to fix it. We looked at who sends them. How to spot an instant web developer and how to vet a supplier. Read article → Scams “ZSE may cut off your electricity”: the scam SMS that wants your payment card An SMS in the name of ZSE threatens to cut off electricity and sends you to zse.liast.cc. We show the real message, what is wrong with it, how to verify it and what to do if you already paid. Read article → Hardware Delidding a CPU: what a delid is and why it is playing with fire A delid means taking the metal lid off a CPU and replacing the thermal layer underneath. We explain why enthusiasts do it, how many degrees it saves and why one mistake sends the CPU to the bin. Read article → Hardware VRM overheating: when the board's power stage cooks and the PC slows down The VRM is the part of the board that feeds current to the CPU. When it overheats, the computer slows down or crashes under load. We explain the symptoms, the causes and how to reliably check and fix it. Read article → Software How to read a QR code from an image on your computer You do not have to scan a QR code only with a phone. We show how to decode it from an image or screenshot right on your computer, and how to check a suspicious code before you click. Read article → Business NIS2 in plain terms: who the new cybersecurity law really affects and what to do about it NIS2 has been Slovak law since January 2025 and it affects far more companies than most think. Who falls under it, what the obligations are, the fines, and where to start. Read article → Scams “Your domain will be deleted today”: we followed a scam from the e-mail to a fake WEDOS payment gateway Friday, 12:05. An invoice for our own domain, the WEDOS logo, the company ID, payment due by the end of the day. We walked the whole scam route to a fake payment gateway asking for 349 CZK. Step by step. Read article → Scams “I have access to your camera, pay $1,250”: the extortion email that arrives from your own address An email claims a hacker controls your computer and camera and demands bitcoin within 48 hours. The sender is your own address. We explain the trick, how we verified it and what to do. Read article → Scams Two emails from “Apple” on the same day: one real, one scam. How to tell them apart Two emails in Apple's name arrived on the same day. One was genuine, the other was phishing about a fake iCloud cancellation. Here is how we verified them and what to look for. Read article → Hardware New RAM form factors: DDR5, CAMM2, LPCAMM2, CUDIMM and what DDR6 will bring An overview of the new memory form factors: what DDR5 changed, why laptops are moving to CAMM2 and LPCAMM2, what CUDIMM, MRDIMM and SOCAMM are and when to expect DDR6. What it means when buying or upgrading memory. Read article → Hardware MXM slot: replaceable laptop graphics and everything you can plug into it What an MXM slot is, which versions and module types exist, which laptops and industrial devices use it, what else fits into it besides a graphics card, and what to watch out for when swapping a module. Read article → Networks What Is a PTR Record and Why Your Email Ends Up in Spam Without One? A PTR record is reverse DNS: it translates an IP address back to a name. We explain how it works, why mail servers like Gmail require it and how to request one from your ISP. Read article → Security MikroTik Releases an Important Security Update: RouterOS 7.24.2 On 3 September 2026 MikroTik released RouterOS 7.24.2 and 7.23.4 as an important security update. Here is who is affected, how to check your risk and how to upgrade safely. Read article → Hardware AI PC, NPU and Copilot+: are you paying for an AI chip you will actually use? New laptops lure you with an NPU and the AI PC or Copilot+ label. We explain what an NPU does, who it is worth it for and when it is just marketing. Read article → Security SIM swap: how they drain your accounts through your phone number In a SIM swap attack a scammer moves your number onto their SIM card and bypasses SMS verification. How it works, how to spot it and how to protect yourself. Read article → Scams Quishing: scam QR codes that take your money Scam QR codes spread on parking machines, invoices and in emails. We explain how quishing works and how not to get caught. Read article → Security Digital legacy: what happens to your accounts, photos and passwords when you are gone What happens to your emails, photos, accounts and passwords when you are gone? We show how to set it up in advance via Google, Apple and a password manager. Read article → Scams Deepfake investment scams: when a familiar face promises you riches Social media is filling up with videos where a well-known politician or TV host recommends a miracle investment. It is a deepfake. How the scam works, how to spot it and what to do if you already paid. Read article → Scams They cloned your child's voice: the AI scam call and the safe word that stops it Scammers can clone a relative's voice from a few seconds of audio and call claiming an emergency. How it works, how to spot it and the one measure that reliably stops it. Read article → Repairs Locked BIOS and DriveLock: when your computer asks for a password you do not have A used business computer or SSD asks for a password at startup? We explain the difference between a BIOS password and a DriveLock inside the drive itself, how to tell which one blocks you, and when it can still be saved. Read article → Security Tax refund scam: how they find you through your domain and what the headers reveal A breakdown of a real tax refund scam e-mail: how attackers find the domain owner, why the message passed the filters despite a valid SPF, and how to spot the fraud. Read article → Business Digital menus for restaurants: a menu on your own website you update yourself How to get your menu onto your own website without a programmer: embed the code once, then change dishes, daily specials and prices yourself in seconds. Introducing smartpage.sk. Read article → Repairs Top 5 reasons to choose TIPTECH for your computer repair Why trust us with your computer, laptop or MacBook repair: fair diagnostics, everything in one place, service across Liptov and at your home, and years of experience. Read article → Networks Why a camera system pays off at home too: burglars pick easier targets Cameras are not just for businesses. A visible camera deters most opportunistic burglars, serves as evidence and gives you an eye on the house even on holiday. Read article → Networks An IP address conflict or a network loop: two mistakes that cut you off from the internet The whole office offline while the router runs fine? A total network outage is often caused by an IP address conflict or a switching loop. How to spot and fix them fast? Read article → Networks Devices keep disappearing from your network? A misconfigured DHCP server may be to blame The printer works only sometimes, the camera drops out and only a reboot helps? A typical sign of bad DHCP. Here is what happens in the network and how to fix it for good. Read article → Business The Pareto principle and website traffic: 20% of pages bring 80% of visits On most websites a small group of pages brings almost all the traffic. How to find those pages in Search Console and what to do with them so the site keeps growing? Read article → Networks What is Wireshark and why (and how) to use it Wireshark is the tool that shows what is really happening on your network. We explain what it is, why it is worth knowing and how to get started, including useful filters. Read article → Business The Pareto principle in IT: 20% of causes create 80% of problems What is the 80/20 rule and how does it work in IT? Most outages, costs and stress come from a small set of causes. Here is how to find and fix them. Read article → Networks What is WireGuard: a fast, modern VPN (and where Tailscale or ZeroTier fit in) WireGuard is the new generation of VPN: fast, simple and secure. We explain how it works, why it changed the rules and how Tailscale, ZeroTier and Netbird fit in. Read article → Business How to monetize advertising on your own website? How to turn a website into a source of income through advertising? We explain ad networks, direct space sales and affiliate, how much you can realistically earn and what to watch out for. Read article → Networks Using Wedos hosting and your website suddenly stopped working? It happened to us too Wedos activated a protection service on our presentation site that we never asked for. The promised automatic IP and DNS change failed and the site went down. How we found out and what it means. Read article → Networks Internet in Liptov: fibre, 5G and what actually works where Which internet connection actually works in the Liptov region: fibre in towns, LTE and wireless in villages, Starlink at cabins. How to check what you can get and how to choose. Read article → Repairs How to speed up a slow phone: what really helps Phone slowed down, lagging and slow to respond? A practical guide to what really helps: freeing storage, cache, background apps and when the hardware is to blame. Read article → Security The 80/20 rule in cybersecurity: a few measures stop most attacks Most successful attacks are enabled by the same short list of omissions. Which five measures cover the most risk, and why the rest must not be underestimated? Read article → Hardware How much your home really eats: the cost of running a computer and electronics How much electricity a gaming PC, laptop, TV, console, router or home server draws and what it really costs per year. With a formula to measure it yourself. Read article → Software What is Ventoy: one USB stick, a multiboot for everything Ventoy turns a single USB stick into a bootable multitool. You just copy ISO files onto it and pick what to boot at startup. How it works and what it is good for. Read article → Networks MikroTik: why professionals love it (and beginners fear it) Who MikroTik is, where it came from and what its devices can do today. A fair look at the power, price, security and the steep learning curve of this Latvian brand. Read article → Repairs Cracked phone screen: repair or replace? (2026 prices) A smashed phone screen and the million-euro question: repair or just buy new? Real 2026 screen replacement prices, when a repair is worth it and what to watch out for. Read article → Repairs Fifteen years in the workshop: what really breaks in computers Years behind the service counter taught us that faults repeat. Which parts fail most often, what is seasonal and what you can prevent. No marketing, just practice. Read article → Data & backup Moving data to a new phone: contacts, photos and apps Got a new phone? A guide to moving contacts, photos, apps and WhatsApp, what will not transfer by itself and what to watch out for when switching Android/iPhone. Read article → Scams Beware of the scam email about a traffic fine (fake Ministry of Interior) An email scares you with a speeding fine and vehicle seizure and pushes you to click a foreign link. How to spot the scam and what to do when it arrives. Read article → Networks Ubiquiti: an enterprise-grade network you can run without an IT army Who Ubiquiti is, where it came from and what it offers today beyond WiFi. A fair look at the UniFi ecosystem, its simplicity, price and weaknesses. Read article → Data & backup Backing up your phone: so you never lose your photos Photos on a phone are irreplaceable and one drop or loss is enough to make them vanish. How to set up a reliable phone and photo backup so you never lose them. Read article → Software What is Rufus: fast creation of a bootable USB Rufus is a small free tool that turns an ISO file into a bootable USB stick. What it is good for, how it works, how it differs from Ventoy and its Windows 11 tricks. Read article → Networks How much does a camera system cost for a home and business (2026) Real ballpark prices of a camera system for a family home and a business in 2026. What drives the price, how much installation costs and where not to save. Read article → Security Securing your phone: what to actually set up A phone today knows more about you than a computer. A practical guide to what to actually set up for security: the lock, updates, find my device, app permissions and more. Read article → Repairs Windows setup does not see the disk? Intel RST is usually to blame Is the disk list empty when installing the system on a new laptop? The culprit is usually Intel RST or VMD. How to make the disk appear: a driver or switching to AHCI. Read article → Business How much does IT support for a small business cost (2026) and what you get Real prices of IT support for a small business in 2026: hourly rate, monthly retainer or call-out. What a retainer includes and when it beats calling a technician ad hoc. Read article → Repairs Phone got wet or dropped in water: first aid Phone dropped in water or got wet? The first minute decides. What to do right away, why rice and a hairdryer do not help and when it is time to rush to a service. Read article → Networks MikroTik versus Ubiquiti: which to choose for your network A fair comparison of the two brands that rule business networks. Price, simplicity, features and the typical scenarios where MikroTik wins and where Ubiquiti does. Read article → Business IT for rentals and apartments: guest wifi, smart locks, cameras and TV Do you rent out an apartment, cabin or guest house? We advise which guest wifi, smart locks, cameras and TV to choose so guests praise you and you get peace and better reviews. Read article → Security Lost phone: two settings that decide whether you find it Whether you still find a lost phone is decided before it is lost. Why to keep mobile data on at all times and why to turn off the SIM card PIN. Read article → Software What is Hiren's BootCD PE and what it is for Hiren's BootCD PE is a bootable USB rescue environment with a pile of tools: data recovery, password reset, diagnostics and disinfecting a computer that will not start. How and when to use it. Read article → AI AI tricks for everyday life that save you hours Artificial intelligence is not just for fun. We show practical AI tricks for everyday life and work that really save you time, and what to watch out for. Read article → Repairs Lightning or a power surge fried your computer? What to do and what can be saved A summer storm and a power surge can destroy a computer, NAS or router. We explain what to do (and not do) right after a hit, what usually burns out and whether data can be saved. Read article → Networks Cisco, Meraki and the rest: who is who among network brands Who Cisco and Cisco Meraki are, why they are the benchmark of business networks and how they differ. Plus a big overview of the other brands: MikroTik, Ubiquiti, Aruba, Huawei, Zyxel, Netgear and many more. Read article → Security Has your password leaked? How to tell and what to do right away Password leaks from big services are common. We show how to easily tell if your password has leaked, what it means and which steps to take right away so you do not lose your accounts. Read article → Repairs Battery charging myths: what really harms your phone and laptop Charging overnight, draining to zero, an 8-hour first charge? We break down the most common battery charging myths and explain what really harms it and how to extend its life. Read article → Security How to tell if your computer or smartphone is hacked or being watched Suspicious logins, overheating, a fast-draining battery or unknown programs. We show the signs of a compromised device and what to do right away when you suspect it. Read article → Security Visa vs Mastercard: what is the actual difference Is Visa better than Mastercard? For an ordinary user the difference is nearly zero and something else decides: the bank, the fees and the exchange rates. A comparison without myths. Read article → Networks How much internet speed do you actually need Is 100 Mbps enough, or do you need 500? What each activity really consumes, why upload matters more than you think, and a calculator that recommends a speed for your household. Read article → Scams Rental and accommodation scams: fake listings A flat below market price, an „owner abroad“ and a deposit up front? That is exactly what a rental scam looks like. How to spot fake listings, verify the owner and when to pay nothing. Read article → Scams „Hello, this is your bank calling“: how to spot a scam call The caller claims to be your bank or the police, the number on the display looks genuine and your money urgently needs „rescuing“. How to spot vishing and what to do. Read article → Hardware What TV size for your viewing distance Is 55 inches enough, or should you go 65? A table and calculator that recommends the TV diagonal from your sofa distance, plus why a bigger TV rarely disappoints. Read article → Hardware HDR10 vs HDR10+ vs Dolby Vision: what is the difference What HDR is, how HDR10, HDR10+ and Dolby Vision differ and what to watch for when buying a TV. A clear comparison of the formats with practical advice. Read article → Scams Marketplace seller scam on Vinted and classifieds: the fake courier Selling online and a „buyer“ sent you a link to receive the payment from a courier? That is exactly how people lose money from their cards. How to spot it and what to do. Read article → Security How to spot a deepfake: fake photos, videos and voices A practical guide to spotting an AI-generated photo, a deepfake video and a cloned voice: what to look for, how to verify content and how to resist voice scams. Read article → Security Motorway vignette scams: fake sites and SMS messages Fake sites sell motorway vignettes with a markup or a hidden subscription, and scam SMS messages threaten fines. How to spot the fraud and where to buy safely. Read article → Security How to verify a suspicious e-mail step by step A practical guide to checking a suspicious e-mail: the sender, headers and SPF/DKIM, hidden links and attachments. Plus a free checker that does it in your browser. Read article → Software Lorem ipsum: what it is, how it began and how AI is replacing it Lorem ipsum is the placeholder text every designer knows. We explain what it means, how it came from a Cicero text 2000 years old and why AI is now replacing it. Read article → Business What a quality website should look like in 2026 What a good website needs today: speed and Core Web Vitals, responsiveness, UX, content, SEO, security and trust. We also explain PageSpeed Insights. Read article → Security How to tell a hoax from the truth and not spread it further Scare stories, chain messages and fabrications flood e-mails and chat groups. We show how to recognise a hoax, how to verify a claim and why it is better not to forward it. Read article → Security How the most common hacker attacks work and what tools attackers use Phishing, password cracking, ransomware, network eavesdropping and DDoS. We explain how these attacks actually work, what software is used and how to defend against them. Read article → Security What WPS is and why you should turn it off on your router WPS connects devices to Wi-Fi with one button, but its PIN can be cracked in hours. We explain how WPS works, why it is a security risk and how to turn it off. Read article → Hardware OcuLink: the connector that gets graphics out of the computer What OcuLink is, how it differs from Thunderbolt and USB4, and why it is currently the cheapest path to an external GPU (eGPU) for mini PCs and handhelds. Read article → Networks What is a Subnet and CIDR (simply explained) Subnets and CIDR notation like /24 explained simply. Learn what a subnet mask, network address and broadcast are, and how many hosts fit in a subnet. Read article → Business QR payment on an invoice: how to do it (Pay by Square) Add a Pay by Square QR payment to your invoice. The customer scans the code in their banking app and gets a pre-filled payment with no typos. Guide for businesses. Read article → Security How Websites Track You and What They Know About You Websites know more than you think: your IP, browser, OS and even hardware. See what a site sees about you without logging in and how to protect yourself. Read article → Software How to Resize and Compress an Image Learn how to resize and compress images for free, right in your browser. Compress to a target size, convert JPG, PNG, WebP, AVIF and turn iPhone HEIC into JPG. Read article → Software How to Merge and Split PDF Files (Free and Private) Learn how to merge several PDFs into one, split or extract specific pages, and build a PDF from photos - free, right in your browser, with no uploads. Read article → Security How to create a strong password (and not forget it) Learn what a truly strong password looks like. Why length beats complexity, what a passphrase is, and how a password manager and 2FA keep you safe. Read article → Business How to create a QR code for free (with logo and colors) A guide to making your own QR code for a link, Wi-Fi, contact card or menu in seconds. With a logo, colors, in PNG or SVG, and so it always scans. Read article → Security How to securely send a password or a sensitive file via a link Sending passwords and sensitive files over email or chat? Here is a safer way: an encrypted link with a password and expiry, free and with no sign-up. Read article → Hardware Why PC components shot up in price at the end of 2025 At the end of 2025 RAM, SSDs and graphics cards jumped in price. We explain why (AI and memory), what prices look like today and when it will ease. Read article → Networks What is Pi-hole and how to block ads across your whole network What Pi-hole is and how one small device blocks ads and trackers for every device on your network at once, including phones and smart TVs. Read article → Software What is archive.org (Internet Archive and the Wayback Machine) archive.org is a free digital library of the internet. How to view old versions of websites, save evidence, rescue vanished content, plus a FAQ. Read article → Scams Beware of the scam SMS about an unpaid fine (fake Ministry of Interior) A scam SMS scares you with an unpaid fine and a fake site poses as the Ministry of Interior. How to spot the scam and what to do when it arrives. Read article → Security Windows 11 Smart App Control: protection from malicious apps What Smart App Control in Windows 11 is, how it blocks untrusted and malicious apps, why it can only be enabled on a clean install and who it suits. Read article → AI Windows 11 Copilot: an AI assistant right in Windows What Copilot in Windows 11 is, what it can do, how to enable it, how Copilot and Copilot Pro differ and what to watch out for with it. Read article → Networks WiFi b, g, n: which standard to stop using What the WiFi standards b, g and n mean, why old 802.11b slows down the whole network and how to disable outdated modes in your router so WiFi is not held back. Read article → Repairs Windows 11 Storage Sense: automatically free up disk space What Storage Sense in Windows 11 is, how it automatically deletes unnecessary files and frees up disk space, how to set it up and what to watch out for. Read article → Software Windows 11 Focus: concentrated work without distractions What Focus in Windows 11 is, how focus sessions and Do Not Disturb reduce distractions, how to turn it on and how to use the Pomodoro technique. Read article → Software What is WSL (Linux on Windows) and what it is good for WSL lets you run Linux right inside Windows with no dual boot or virtual machine. We explain what it is, who it is for and how to get started. Read article → Software What is SSH and what it is used for SSH is a secure way to connect to a server remotely and control it from the command line. We explain how it works, keys and what to watch out for. Read article → Software Windows 11 Snap Layouts: organizing windows on screen What Snap Layouts in Windows 11 are, how they split the screen into windows side by side without manual resizing, how to summon them and which shortcuts help. Read article → Networks What is NAT (network address translation) and how it works NAT lets a whole household or company share a single public IP address. We explain how it works, why it exists and when it causes you trouble. Read article → Networks What is TTL and where you will come across it TTL (Time To Live) sets how long a DNS record stays valid or how far a network packet travels. We explain TTL simply and with examples. Read article → Software What is SSO (single sign-on) and how it works SSO lets you sign in once and use several apps without typing your password again. We explain how it works and its benefits and risks. Read article → Hardware What is a network card (NIC) and what it is for A network card (NIC) connects a computer to the network by cable or Wi-Fi. We explain what it is, the types and when a USB adapter helps. Read article → Networks What is a port in a computer network and what it is for A port is a number the network uses to tell which service traffic belongs to, such as web or e-mail. We explain ports simply and with examples. Read article → Software Windows 11 Phone Link: your phone right in the computer What Phone Link in Windows 11 is, how it connects your phone to the computer, what you can do (messages, calls, photos) and how Android and iPhone differ. Read article → Networks What is a LAN (local area network) and how it differs from WAN A LAN is your local network at home or work, connecting computers, phones and printers. We explain what it is and how it differs from the internet (WAN). Read article → Software Windows 11 Widgets: information at a glance What Widgets in Windows 11 are, how they show weather, calendar or news at a glance, how to customize them and how to turn them off if they distract you. Read article → Networks Wireless casting to a TV: how to send the picture without a cable How to wirelessly send the picture from a computer or phone to a television, what Miracast and Cast are, what you need for it and what to watch out for. Read article → Software Virtual memory (the page file): what it is and should you change it? What virtual memory and the page file in Windows are, how they relate to RAM, whether you need to change the size manually and what the speedup myths are. Read article → Networks What an eSIM is and what advantages it has What an eSIM (a virtual SIM card in a phone and a laptop) is, what advantages it has over a plastic SIM, how to activate it and what to watch out for. Read article → Networks Network cables: Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a and Cat7 and which to use The difference between Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a and Cat7, their speeds and length limits, and which network cable to use at home and in the office. A practical guide. Read article → Software What bloatware is and how to safely get rid of it What bloatware (preinstalled clutter in a new computer and phone) is, why it slows things down, how to safely remove it and what to avoid while doing so. Read article → Networks Fiber cables and types of optics: single mode, multimode, WDM and GPON How fiber works and what types exist: the difference between single mode and multimode, what WDM is and how fiber reaches your home over GPON. Read article → Hardware Windows 11 Dynamic Lighting: RGB lighting from one place What Dynamic Lighting in Windows 11 is, how it controls RGB lighting of keyboards and mice directly from Windows without manufacturer apps and what you need. Read article → Hardware How to choose a UPS (battery backup) and what types exist What types of UPS exist, how offline, line-interactive and online differ, why a pure sine wave matters and how to size the load correctly. A clear guide. Read article → Security Windows Sandbox: safely try a program in isolation What Windows Sandbox is, how to safely run a suspicious program in an isolated disposable Windows, how to turn it on and what its limits are. Read article → Hardware Windows 11 Auto HDR: a nicer picture in games for free What Auto HDR in Windows 11 is, how it automatically adds HDR even to games that lack it, what you need for it and how to enable it. Read article → Hardware HDMI and DisplayPort: versions and which cable to buy The difference between HDMI and DisplayPort, what the versions mean (2.0, 2.1, DP 1.4) and which cable to buy for 4K, 120 Hz or a gaming monitor. Read article → Hardware Windows 11 DirectStorage: faster game loading What DirectStorage in Windows 11 is, how it speeds up game loading via fast transfer from an NVMe SSD and decompression on the GPU and what you need for it. Read article → Hardware USB made clear: versions, speeds and connector shapes Confused by USB? We explain versions and speeds, connector shapes (A, B, micro, USB-C), compatibility, charging over USB-C and how to spot a fast port. Read article → Hardware Resizable BAR (ReBAR): the feature that can boost gaming FPS What Resizable BAR (ReBAR) is, how it can boost FPS in games, what you need for it and how to enable it in the BIOS. Plus AMD Smart Access Memory. Read article → Hardware GaN chargers: why they are smaller and more powerful What GaN chargers are, why they are smaller, cooler and more powerful than ordinary ones, whether it is worth paying extra and what to watch out for. Read article → Networks Serial line: RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485 and where they are used Serial standards RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485: how they work, how they differ (distance, number of devices) and which is used where. Read article → Repairs How to monitor processor and graphics temperatures How to monitor processor and graphics temperatures, which values are normal and when there is a problem, which tools to use and what to do about overheating. Read article → AI Artificial intelligence, AI agents and MCP explained A clear introduction to AI: how language models work, what local agents and MCP are, the difference between cloud and local, and which models are used today. Read article → AI AI is like fire: a good servant but a bad master Artificial intelligence is like fire: a good servant but a bad master. How to use AI effectively yet safely, what to watch for and where its limits are. Read article → Software What is a hypervisor and does it make sense for an ordinary person? A hypervisor in plain words: what it is, how it lets several computers run on one, where it is used and what sense virtualization makes for ordinary users. Read article → Hardware Dolby Atmos and its alternatives: surround sound explained What Dolby Atmos is and what alternatives it has (DTS:X, Auro-3D, headphone surround). How 3D surround sound works and what you need for it. Read article → Networks 2.5G and 10G ethernet: when a faster network makes sense What multi-gigabit ethernet (2.5G, 5G, 10G) is, when it makes sense to go above gigabit, what it needs (switch, card, cable) and where it does not help. Read article → Software Which Linux distribution to choose There are hundreds of Linux distributions, but you need not get lost. We advise which suits a beginner, an old PC and advanced users, and how to try it. Read article → Software What DOS was: the operating system the first computers stood on What DOS (MS-DOS) was, how a command-driven operating system worked before the era of Windows, what commands it had and why its legacy lives on today. Read article → Security What TPM 2.0 is and why Windows 11 requires it What the TPM 2.0 chip is, why Windows 11 requires it, how to find out whether your computer has it and what it does for disk encryption and secure sign-in. Read article → Networks iLO, iDRAC, IPMI and co.: remote server management (out-of-band) What out-of-band server management is and how iLO, iDRAC, XClarity, IPMI, iRMC and ASMB work. How to manage a server remotely, even when off or without an OS. Read article → Hardware How to choose speakers for your computer PC speakers in plain words: 2.0 or 2.1, active vs passive, connectivity, power and sound quality. We advise how to choose based on your use. Read article → Networks Changing and cloning a MAC address in routers: how and why What a MAC address is, how to change it in Windows and how MAC cloning works in routers. Why it is done, especially when replacing a router. Read article → Hardware Bluetooth and its versions: what they mean and what to watch out for What the Bluetooth versions mean (4.0, 5.0, 5.3), the difference between Classic and Low Energy, what codecs and profiles are and what to watch with headphones. Read article → Gaming A gaming laptop is an oxymoron: gaming belongs on a desktop A gaming laptop sounds tempting, but it is a contradiction. We explain why we do not recommend gaming on a laptop and why gaming belongs on a desktop. Read article → Gaming Smooth gaming: what affects FPS, monitor Hz and ping Why does a game stutter even with a good PC? We explain the difference between FPS and Hz, what a gaming monitor does, how to lower ping and what to watch for. Read article → Networks PoE versions, watts and standards: active, passive and their limits PoE standards and versions clearly: 802.3af, at and bt, how many watts they give, the difference between passive 24V and active 48V PoE and its limits. Read article → Hardware How to enter the BIOS and what each item means How to get into the BIOS (UEFI) by motherboard and laptop maker and what the main items mean like boot, date, virtualization or Secure Boot. Read article → Repairs Computer beeping at startup: what the buzzer codes mean Computer beeps at startup and will not boot? We explain what buzzer (beep) codes are, how to identify a fault by the number and length of beeps and what to do. Read article → Gaming A custom gaming PC: how to build a PC for gaming How to build a gaming PC that fits your games and your budget. We explain what matters, how to balance the build and how much you need for 1080p, 1440p or 4K. Read article → Networks How to link two buildings wirelessly with directional antennas How to link a house and a second building wirelessly with directional antennas: how a point-to-point link works and why line of sight matters. Read article → Hardware How to choose a printer: inkjet or laser and what to watch for Inkjet or laser? We explain how to choose a printer based on what and how much you print. A configurator recommends the right type for you. Read article → Networks How many switch ports and sockets to prepare in a new build What size switch to choose and how many ethernet sockets to prepare in a new build or renovation, plus what not to forget: cameras, antenna, fiber, outdoor AP. Read article → Hardware CMOS battery: what it is, what it is for and what happens when it dies What the CMOS battery in a computer is, what it is for, what happens when it dies or you remove and reinsert it and how to tell it needs replacing. Read article → Repairs Computers are not vacuumed but blown out: and mind the fans Why a computer should not be vacuumed but blown out with compressed air, and why you must block the fans while blowing, or components can be burned by a surge. Read article → Hardware How to choose a laptop cooling pad How to choose a laptop cooling pad: active or passive, size, fan placement and noise. Plus a tip that you can print one on a 3D printer instead of buying it. Read article → Networks Congested WiFi and channels 1, 6, 11: why 90 % of networks get it wrong Why WiFi is slow and congested, how channels 1, 6 and 11 relate, why most home networks have channels set wrong and what channel width does. Read article → Hardware What a docking station is and how to choose one What a docking station is and how to choose one: USB-C and Thunderbolt types, how many monitors and ports it adds, laptop charging and what to watch out for. Read article → Networks The difference between a router, a switch and a hub The difference between a router, a switch and a hub, what each is for and why a hub is dead today. A clear explanation, with what you need and when. Read article → Software Comparing software licenses: open source, freeware, shareware and more A comparison of software license types: open source, freeware, shareware, proprietary and freemium. Which software can be used where, including in a company. Read article → Networks Networking basics: IP address, mask, gateway and broadcast Basic networking terms: IP address, mask and prefix, network and broadcast address, gateway, unicast and multicast. Plus an IP calculator in the article. Read article → Security How to secure a router: WPA3, WPS and remote access How to secure a home router: changing the password, WPA2 and WPA3 encryption, why to disable WPS and why never to expose the admin from the internet. Read article → Software What torrents are and how they work What torrents are and how file sharing between users (P2P) works: seeders, leechers, the tracker, legal and illegal use and what the risks are. Read article → Software What is an API and what is a webhook What an API and a webhook are, how they work and the difference between them. A clear explanation with examples, where you meet them and what to watch out for. Read article → Networks How to separate guest and operational networks: why VLANs Why in hotels, bars and restaurants you should separate guest wifi from tills and cameras, what a VLAN is and how we split the network safely. Read article → Security How to set up a quality firewall How to set up a quality firewall: what it does, where it sits, the principle of block everything and allow only what is needed, plus common mistakes. Read article → Networks Why DSL and VDSL have a slow upload and what speed depends on Why DSL and VDSL have a slow upload, what line asymmetry means and what speed depends on: distance from the exchange, line quality and technology. Read article → Networks Internet for a remote area: LTE, Starlink and fixed wireless How to connect a cabin, a remote home or a village without fiber and DSL: mobile LTE and 5G, satellite Starlink and fixed wireless. Read article → Hardware x86 versus ARM: two processor architectures explained The difference between x86 and ARM processor architectures, why ARM leads in battery life and x86 in compatibility, and what it means for your choice. Read article → Hardware Zigbee, ESP32, Arduino and Raspberry Pi Pico explained What Zigbee is and how it differs from wifi, what the ESP32, Arduino and Raspberry Pi Pico microcontrollers are, how to choose between them and what they suit. Read article → Networks How to place wifi correctly and why a stronger router does not exist How to correctly place a wifi router or access point, how antenna gain and directivity work and why a strong router with long range cannot be bought. Read article → Networks Download versus upload: the difference and when you need what What download and upload are, the difference between them and why uploading tends to be slower. Simply and with examples, so anyone can understand. Read article → Hardware A computer without an optical drive: what to do when you need a CD or DVD A new computer no longer has an optical drive. Why they are disappearing and how to easily read CDs, DVDs and Blu-rays via a portable USB drive. Read article → Software How to navigate Microsoft 365: Entra ID, Teams, SharePoint and Admin Center A clear map of Microsoft 365 services: what Entra ID, Admin Center, Exchange, SharePoint, OneDrive and Teams are, how they fit together and where the chaos is. Read article → Software Streaming and gaming platforms: an overview for young and old An overview of streaming and gaming platforms: Netflix, Spotify, YouTube, Steam, Game Pass and more. What they are for and what to watch with subscriptions. Read article → Networks Monitoring tools: Zabbix, Nagios, LibreNMS and others An overview of well-known monitoring tools (Zabbix, Smokeping, LibreNMS, Observium, Nagios, Icinga) and ePulz.io and which to choose when. Read article → Hardware A laptop or MacBook without a network card: a USB adapter helps A new laptop or MacBook has no ethernet port? How to easily connect a cable via a USB network adapter, whether USB-A or USB-C. Read article → Networks What uptime is and why it matters (with a downtime calculator) What uptime and downtime are, what those nines (99.9 %) mean, how much downtime per year they allow and why availability matters. With a calculator. Read article → Software How to create a local account in Windows 10 and Windows 11 How to create a local account in Windows 10 and 11 without a Microsoft account. Windows 10 by going offline, Windows 11 via bypassnro. Read article → Networks What Home Assistant is and what it can do What Home Assistant is, why it runs locally, how it ties smart devices of different brands into one place and what automations it enables. Read article → Data & backup Monitoring the temperature of a server room and IT space Why you need to watch the temperature in a server room, how sensors and alarms work and how to prevent overheating that causes an outage and data loss. Read article → Software What Docker and containers are: simply explained What Docker and containers are, how containers pack an app, how they differ from virtual machines and why it simplifies work for companies. Read article → Networks A comparison of cameras: pro PoE with NVR vs cheap wifi vs solar A comparison of cameras: branded PoE with an NVR, cheap wifi (Tapo, Imou) on an SD card and solar cameras. Pros, cons, risks and what to choose. Read article → Networks Solar cameras: what they are, when to use them and the winter risk What solar cameras are, where they suit and their risk in winter. We advise when they make sense and when a wired camera is better. Read article → Security How to secure a WordPress website against hacking A practical guide on securing a WordPress or other CMS website: updates, strong passwords, backups, login limits, plugins and other steps against hacking. Read article → Hardware What BIOS and UEFI are and when to update (and when not to) What BIOS and UEFI are, what they are for, when it is worth updating and when an update is a risk. Practical advice so you do not damage your computer. Read article → Hardware Curved versus flat monitor: which to choose The difference between a curved and a flat monitor, their pros and cons and when each suits work, gaming or graphics. A practical comparison. Read article → Networks What DNS is and how it works: the phone book of the internet What DNS is and how it works: why it translates names like tiptech.sk into IP addresses, how a lookup happens, what DNS cache is and why DNS can cause problems. Read article → Networks Managed versus unmanaged switch: which to choose The difference between a managed and unmanaged switch, what a managed switch enables (VLAN, QoS, monitoring) and when a simple unmanaged one is enough. Read article → Security What a DDoS attack is and how to protect against it What a DDoS attack is, how it can overwhelm and take down a website, why it happens and the ways to protect against it (CDN, firewall, monitoring). Read article → Software What a VPS is and how to choose one What a VPS (virtual private server) is, how it differs from shared hosting and your own server, what it is suited to and how to choose one. Read article → Web & firms GPS fleet tracking: overview, savings and control How GPS fleet tracking works, what it brings a company (fuel savings, overview, security), what to watch for regarding privacy and when it is worth it. Read article → Security Smart and electronic locks: convenience versus security How smart and electronic locks work, what types exist, what benefits and risks they bring and what to watch for in security. Read article → Web & firms Attendance and access system for a company: how it works How an attendance and access system on cards or chips works, what it brings a company, what to watch for in security and how to deploy it. Read article → Security 2FA and MFA: why to enable it and not forget backup tokens Why we highly recommend two-factor authentication (2FA, MFA) and why you must save backup tokens, or losing your phone can cost you the account permanently. Read article → Repairs Spilled liquid on electronics? What to do while it can be saved Did you spill liquid on a phone, laptop or keyboard? What to do immediately, why never to turn it on and why it can fail even if it works at first. Read article → Business Merchant of Record: what it is and when a company uses it What a Merchant of Record (MoR) is, how it takes over payments, taxes and VAT in online sales and when it is worth it instead of your own gateway. Read article → Business Stripe payments: what they are and how they are used What Stripe is, how it lets you accept card payments on the web and in apps, what it is used for (e-shop, subscriptions, invoices) and who it suits. Read article → Business How to maximize SEO: so Google finds you How to maximize a website's SEO: technical basics, quality content, on-page elements, local SEO and common mistakes. Plus a tool for a quick check of your site. Read article → Networks Static versus PTZ camera: when to choose which When to choose a static camera and when a PTZ (movable) one. Why we recommend PTZ only when necessary and the risk of its narrower view. Read article → Gaming Gaming on PC and console: the complete hub A hub to all our gaming articles. Gaming PCs and FPS, consoles and handhelds, peripherals, streaming and VR. Everything in one place, no filler. Read article → Security Copying NFC and RFID cards and tags: what can be done and what cannot Need to copy an NFC card, tag or RFID chip? We explain how it works, what can and cannot be copied and when we can help you with it. Read article → Hardware iPhone versus Android: which when and watch out for cheap phones When to choose an iPhone and when an Android: support, prices and ecosystems compared, budget recommendations, switching between systems and a FAQ. Read article → Hardware How many watts your devices use and when an efficient PC pays off Which devices use how much electricity and why a new efficient computer (for example Intel N100) can save more on bills than keeping an old one running. Read article → Web & firms What an ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch) is and when to use it What an ATS (automatic transfer switch) is, how it works, where it is used in server rooms and the difference between an ATS, a UPS and a generator. Read article → Business How to focus in an open office: tips against noise and distractions An open office brings noise and distractions. Practical tips and equipment on how to focus in it, protect your attention and handle work even amid the bustle. Read article → Repairs Computer service and maintenance: a guide to our articles Is your computer acting up, slow or refusing to start? An overview of our articles on service, maintenance, data rescue and reinstallation in one place. Read article → Business The perfect home office: equipment and how to stay sane How to set up a perfect home office: the right components, how to separate work from home and how to balance work and household duties. Read article → Security Password generator: create a strong yet memorable password How to create a strong yet memorable password. Try our generator that turns your favorite words into a unique password right in your browser. Read article → AI Artificial intelligence without the hype: a guide to our AI articles AI is everywhere today and surrounded by hype and nonsense. We summed up the basics, practical use and risks, with links to our more detailed articles. Read article → Software The best-known programming languages: which, where and when to use An overview of the best-known programming languages (Python, JavaScript, Java, C#, PHP and others), what each is suited to and how to choose by project type. Read article → Networks GPON, EPON, XG-PON and XGS-PON: how passive optical networks work What GPON, EPON, XG-PON and XGS-PON mean in a provider's offer, why upload is lower than download, and how these passive optical networks differ. Read article → Software Software and operating systems: the complete hub Operating systems, Windows, cloud, virtualisation, containers and remote access in one place. A hub for all our articles on software. Read article → Hardware PC sizes: SFF, Mini PC, NUC and which to choose when What computer sizes exist: classic tower, SFF, Mini PC and NUC. How they differ in performance, expandability and price and which is worth choosing when. Read article → Networks Jumbo frames and MTU: when they speed up a network and when they hurt What MTU and jumbo frames (9000 bytes) are, how they change network throughput, where they make sense (NAS, 10G) and why to keep 1500 on the internet. Read article → Software What Kubernetes is: container orchestration made clear What Kubernetes (K8s) is, how it orchestrates containers, what pod, node, cluster and deployment mean and who it actually makes sense for. Read article → Networks What a VLAN trunk and access port are and when to use which What an access port and a trunk port are with VLANs, how 802.1Q tagging works and when to use which port. Clearly explained with a highway analogy. Read article → Business What a brand kit is and why every company needs one What a brand kit (brand manual) is, what it contains, why it ensures a unified and professional look for a company and where it is used. Read article → Web & firms Mounting cameras and network gear in hard-to-reach spots: plan for service Mounting cameras and network gear on high walls, poles or facades? We show why installation must account for future service and how to save money. Read article → Hardware Hardware and components: the complete guide to choosing CPU, RAM, drives, monitor, laptop, chargers and UPS. A hub to our hardware articles, pick the topic you are dealing with right now. Read article → Software What Is Obsidian: A Note-Taking App and Your Second Brain Obsidian is a note-taking app that stores notes locally as Markdown files. We explain linked notes, the graph, data ownership, pricing and what it is for. Read article → Web & firms Reliable video calls in a company: camera, sound, network and lighting How to ensure quality and reliable video calls in a company: what matters in the camera, sound, network and lighting and why sound matters most. Read article → Software Linux vs Windows vs macOS: who each is for and what software A comparison of Linux, Windows and macOS: who each is for and what software is the alternative in it. A table of replacements for Office, Photoshop and more. Read article → Data & backup RAID explained: what it is and why it is not a backup RAID combines several disks into one for safety or speed. We explain the RAID levels simply and why RAID never replaces a backup. Read article → Software Updates: why not to delay them and how to tame them A delayed update tends to be the most expensive click. We explain why updates matter for security and stability and how to set them up. Read article → AI How to prompt an AI agent correctly and effectively A practical guide on how to write a good prompt for an AI agent and what role .md files play as the project's lasting memory and instructions. Read article → Data & backup Disk S.M.A.R.T.: how to tell a disk is dying before it loses data What S.M.A.R.T. is on disks, how it warns in advance of an approaching failure, which values to watch and what to do when a disk reports a problem. Read article → Networks Camera systems: a complete guide before buying Which camera system to choose: PoE vs wifi vs solar, static vs PTZ, what to consider before buying and access systems. A hub and turnkey installation. Read article → Software Basic keyboard shortcuts for Windows and macOS An overview of the most useful keyboard shortcuts for Windows and macOS: copying, windows, text, screenshots and system ones. With Ctrl and Cmd compared. Read article → Software Free software that replaces the paid kind (and when it pays off) Many paid programs now have a full-value free replacement. We bring proven alternatives for office, graphics and video, and advise what to watch for. Read article → Business Email with your own domain: why @gmail hurts a business A @gmail.com address looks unprofessional for a business. We explain why email with your own domain pays off, what it brings and how simply it works. Read article → Business When an employee leaves: what to do about access and accounts A former employee with access to company systems is a risk that gets forgotten. We bring an overview of what to handle on departure and how to prevent it. Read article → Business GDPR and IT for a small company: what the tech actually handles GDPR concerns every company that works with personal data. We explain the technical and security side in simple terms: access, backups, cameras and data leaks. Read article → Data & backup Drive failed? When data can be saved and what NOT to do Has a drive stopped working or have your files vanished? We explain when data can be saved and the difference between a software and a mechanical fault. Read article → Networks Mesh Wi-Fi: a signal in the whole house at last One router cannot cover a whole house. We explain what mesh Wi-Fi is, how it differs from a repeater and why connecting it by cable is the best solution. Read article → Security Ransomware: how they encrypt your company and how to defend Ransomware encrypts company data and demands a ransom. We explain how it gets in, why paying is a bad idea and how to defend effectively. Read article → Software Revive an old computer with Linux: a second life instead of the bin A slow old computer does not have to end up in the bin. We explain how Linux brings back its speed, who it suits and where its limits are. Read article → Software What Git is: version control simply explained What Git is, how it tracks changes in files, what commit, branch and merge mean and why it is useful not only for programmers but for text too. Read article → Business QR codes for businesses: menu, payments, marketing and what to watch for How businesses use QR codes for menus, payments and marketing, how to create your own QR code and what security risks of fraudulent QR codes to watch for. Read article → Networks PoE: one cable for a camera and a Wi-Fi point PoE carries both data and power over a single network cable. We explain how it works, where it fits (cameras, Wi-Fi points) and what you need for it. Read article → Software Basic Linux commands: a clear guide for beginners A clear guide to basic Linux commands: moving through files, working with files, searching, permissions, processes, installing software and network commands. Read article → Data & backup Cloud vs local backup: the 3-2-1 rule made simple One copy is not a backup. We explain the 3-2-1 rule, the difference between cloud and local backup and why a combination of both is best. Read article → Networks Fibre connection (FTTH): why fibre is the future and what to check What a fibre connection is and why it is faster and more stable than copper. We explain FTTH, the ONT and symmetrical speed, and what to check before you sign. Read article → Networks Provider router vs your own: is it worth replacing the box? The provider's box is often not enough. We explain what it does, when your own router is worth it, how bridge mode works and how to avoid double NAT. Read article → Networks Home network: when to run cable and when Wi-Fi is enough When it pays to run a network cable and when Wi-Fi is enough. We advise how to plan a home network during building or renovation and why a mix of both is ideal. Read article → Partners Our partner Minibagrom.sk: excavation and earthworks with a mini excavator Meet our partner Minibagrom.sk (BAGER Liptov): excavation, earthworks and damaged optical cable diagnostics with a compact Sunward SWE20F mini excavator. Read article → Software IMAP vs POP3: how email works and which to choose The difference between IMAP and POP3 when setting up email, how mail works behind the scenes and which protocol to choose if you read email on multiple devices. Read article → Data & backup Data backup and recovery: a complete guide How to back up properly, the 3-2-1 rule, RAID, NAS, S.M.A.R.T. and rescuing data from a failed disk. A hub of guides and when we help with recovery. Read article → Software Command line, terminal and PowerShell: how to use them What the command line, terminal, shell and PowerShell are, the difference, basic commands and higher-level tricks like redirection, pipe and automation. Read article → Business Backlinks: why they are one of the strongest SEO factors What backlinks are, why Google counts them as votes of trust, how to earn quality links and why quality and naturalness matter more than sheer quantity. Read article → Security Who is connected to my WiFi? How to find out and secure the network Suspect someone is stealing your WiFi? How to find out who is connected to your network, how to spot unfamiliar devices and how to secure the network reliably. Read article → Hardware Watch out for the difference between M.2 SATA and M.2 NVMe (it is dramatic) Two drives look the same, yet one is up to 12 times faster. We show how to tell slow M.2 SATA from fast M.2 NVMe and not get caught out. Read article → Security What an SSL/TLS certificate is and why HTTPS (the padlock in the browser) What an SSL/TLS certificate is, what the padlock and HTTPS in the browser mean, how it protects your data and why every website needs it. Read article → Partners Our partner Kódovanie.sk: car coding, diagnostics and chip tuning Meet our partner Kódovanie.sk from Liptov: feature coding, diagnostics, chip tuning and DPF or AdBlue solutions for Škoda, VW, Audi, BMW and more. Read article → Hardware M.2 and NVMe drives and keys B, M, B+M: buy the one that fits An M.2 drive may not fit if the key is wrong. We explain the difference between keys B, M and B+M, why NVMe needs an M key and how to buy the right one. Read article → Security Cybersecurity: a complete guide for businesses and households A big overview of security: passwords, 2FA, antivirus, phishing, ransomware and protecting a business. A hub linking dozens of guides and when we help. Read article → Software Self-hosting: your own services instead of the cloud What self-hosting is, how to run your own services instead of the cloud, its advantages for privacy and cost and what to watch out for. Read article → Hardware DRAM cache in an SSD: the tiny chip that decides your drive's speed Two SSDs with the same numbers on the box can behave completely differently. Often it comes down to one part makers rarely mention: the DRAM cache. Read article → Hardware Hard drive series by brand: WD, Seagate and Toshiba by use case WD uses colours, Seagate names, Toshiba letters. Which drive series fits a PC, NAS, cameras or a server, and why SMR has no place in a RAID. Read article → Networks Computer networks: a complete guide from basics to business networks A big overview of networks: how the internet, WiFi, cables, switches and a business network work. A hub linking dozens of guides and when we can help. Read article → Networks Backup internet connection (failover): when the internet goes down What a backup internet connection and failover are, how automatic switching to a second internet keeps a company online and who it suits. Read article → Web & firms Business IT: a complete guide to infrastructure and services Servers and hosting, business telephony, device management, cameras and custom hardware. A hub of our business IT articles and when we help. Read article → Networks Wake-on-LAN: how to turn on a computer or server remotely What Wake-on-LAN is, how it lets you turn on a computer or server remotely over the network, what to set up and where it is worth using in practice. Read article → Business Business and IT: a complete guide for companies and sole traders Web and SEO, branding, domain and e-mail, payments, contracts and the IT around a business. A hub of guides for owners and when we help. Read article → Software What REST is in IT: how applications communicate What REST and a REST API are, how applications communicate with it, what HTTP methods and JSON are and why REST is the most widespread approach. Read article → Business What a pillar page is and how to build a good one What a pillar page is, why it strengthens SEO and how to build one step by step: topic, a cluster of articles, internal linking and a path to a sale. Read article → Software Dual boot: Windows and Linux on one computer What dual boot is, how to have both Windows and Linux on one computer, its risks and when a virtual machine is better. Back up before partitioning. Read article → Software Cloud storage: Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox and iCloud A comparison of cloud storage Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox and iCloud: free space, integration and who they suit. Plus why the cloud is not a backup. Read article → Networks Powerline (PLC) adapters: internet over the electrical wiring What powerline (PLC) adapters are, how they carry internet over the electrical wiring, when they suit and their limits and risks. Read article → Networks Wifi 6 and Wifi 7: what the new standards bring and when to upgrade How Wifi 5, Wifi 6, 6E and Wifi 7 differ, what they really bring and when a router upgrade is worth it. Both router and device must support it. Read article → Repairs How to extend a laptop battery's runtime and lifespan How to extend a laptop battery's runtime on a single charge and its overall lifespan. Charging habits, the effect of heat, battery myths and when to replace it. Read article → Repairs The blue screen (BSOD): what it means and what to do What the blue screen (BSOD) in Windows means, the most common causes, what to do immediately, which steps to try at home and when it is time for a repair. Read article → Hardware SD and microSD memory cards: speed classes and capacities How to make sense of SD and microSD memory cards: SDHC and SDXC capacities, the U1, U3, V30 and A2 speed classes, and which card suits a phone, camera or drone. Read article → Hardware How to choose a webcam and microphone for video calls How to choose a webcam and microphone for video calls. What to look at for picture and sound and why a good microphone matters more than the camera. Read article → Security Disk encryption: BitLocker, FileVault and LUKS What disk encryption is, why it protects data if a laptop is stolen and how to enable it via BitLocker, FileVault or LUKS. Plus the important recovery key. Read article → Security Types of hacker attacks: an overview of threats and how to defend An overview of common hacker attacks: phishing, social engineering, DDoS, man-in-the-middle, brute force, SQL injection and how to protect against them. Read article → Security Types of computer viruses and malicious software (malware) An overview of malware types: virus, worm, trojan, ransomware, spyware, rootkit, keylogger and more. How they work and how to protect against them. Read article → Security What a crack and cracking are and why to avoid them What a crack and software cracking are, why people reach for cracked programs and why it is illegal and dangerous, especially due to hidden malware. Read article → Business IT outsourcing in the Liptov region: we take care of your business IT Companies in the Liptov region trust us with their IT. We handle networks, hardware and security, with fast remote and on-site support and monitoring. Read article → Networks Building or renovating? Where to place the data cabinet When building and renovating, it matters where to place the data cabinet and concentrate the cabling. Advice on placement, power, cooling and headroom. Read article → Networks What an IP address is and how to find yours An IP address in plain language: what it does, the difference between a public and a local IP, and how to easily find yours on a computer or phone. Read article → Business Domain expiry: the silent problem that takes down your website and email What happens when your domain expires (website and email outage, risk of loss), how to defend against it and how ePulz.io watches the expiry for you. Read article → Security What Secure Boot is and why to keep it on What Secure Boot is, how it protects the computer at startup from malicious code, when it can cause problems and whether to keep it on. Read article → Hardware How to sit at a computer so your back does not hurt: chairs and alternatives How to sit at a computer without back pain. An ergonomic chair, exercise ball, kneeling chair, saddle chair, standing desk and alternating positions. Read article → Hardware Display types: a big comparison of IPS, VA, OLED, miniLED and more A big comparison of display types: TN, IPS, VA, nano IPS, QLED, miniLED, OLED, W-OLED, QD-OLED, micro-LED and e-ink. How they differ and which to choose when. Read article → Business What an SLA is and everything connected to it What an SLA (service level agreement) is, what it contains (availability, response times, support, penalties), how it relates to SLO and SLI and why it matters. Read article → Software What cron is and how to use it (with an example) What cron and a cron job are, how to schedule automatic tasks on a server, how the crontab entry is read and a practical example. Plus the Windows alternative. Read article → Networks What a VPN really is (it is not just about anonymity) YouTube ads turned the VPN into a hiding tool. Its real purpose is different: to securely connect to a private network remotely. We explain the difference. Read article → Networks Antik television over the internet: on better terms with us We offer Antik digital television over the internet, no dish needed, and on better terms than ordering directly. You can also watch in a browser. Read article → Repairs Why regular computer maintenance matters A computer is like a car: without maintenance it eventually breaks down. We explain why regular upkeep pays off and how it prevents overheating and data loss. Read article → Security How to choose an antivirus: why Microsoft Defender is enough for most people Most people do not need a paid antivirus today. We explain why the built-in Microsoft Defender is plenty and what actually protects you more than any program. Read article → Software How to choose an operating system: Windows, macOS or Linux? Windows, macOS or Linux? The operating system decides which programs you run and how you work. We explain how to choose for what you actually do. Read article → Hardware How to choose CPU cooling: air, liquid and when each is enough Weak cooling throttles the processor and makes noise. We explain when an air cooler is enough, when liquid is worth it and how to match it to the CPU and case. Read article → Hardware How to choose a keyboard and mouse: comfort you feel all day Keyboard and mouse are bought in a hurry, yet you use them all day. We explain mechanical vs membrane, how to fit a mouse to your hand and what helps wrists. Read article → Hardware How to choose a PC case: it is not just a box for the components The case is often chosen last and only by looks. Yet it decides cooling, noise and what fits inside the PC. We explain what to watch out for. Read article → Hardware How to choose a drive: SSD or HDD, NVMe or SATA and how much capacity The drive decides how fast the PC runs and where your data fits. We explain when to choose SSD or HDD, NVMe or SATA, and how much capacity you need. Read article → Hardware How to choose a monitor: what to look at so it serves your eyes and your work A monitor is what you look at all day. We explain how to match size to resolution, when you need more Hz and which panel to choose for work, gaming or films. Read article → Hardware How to choose a PC power supply: the most underrated part you should not skimp on The power supply is where people skimp most, and it is a mistake. It powers the whole PC and a cheap one can damage other parts. We explain how to choose well. Read article → Hardware How to choose RAM: how much you need and what to watch out for Too little RAM slows the PC down, too much is wasted money. We explain how much memory you need, why two modules are worth it and how to choose the right one. Read article → Hardware How to choose a motherboard: what to watch so it fits the rest A motherboard adds no performance, but it decides what you can connect and how you upgrade later. We explain how to choose well and where people go wrong. Read article → Hardware Memory density in SSDs and HDDs: how it affects lifespan How bits per cell (SLC, MLC, TLC, QLC) and 3D NAND layering affect an SSD lifespan, and why an HDD has no write limit like flash. Read article → Hardware How to choose a processor: what really matters and what to ignore Gigahertz and core count tell you nothing on their own. We explain how to choose a processor for what you actually do and match it to the rest of the build. Read article → Hardware PCIe lanes: how count and speed affect the whole build What PCIe lanes are, how the number of lanes (x1 to x16) and the generation (3.0, 4.0, 5.0) affect graphics and NVMe performance. Read article → Hardware How to choose a graphics card: what really matters and where not to overpay A graphics card is the most expensive and confusing PC part. We explain how much VRAM you need, how to match it to your monitor, and when you do not need one. Read article → Networks Router vs WiFi router: the difference explained simply What is the difference between a router and a WiFi router? Explained simply: what a router does, what WiFi adds and why the terms get confused. Read article → Software SQL databases: which type to choose and when to use it What SQL is, the difference between databases like SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, MS SQL Server and Access, when to use each and when to reach for NoSQL. Read article → Networks Internet speed: what megabits mean and how much you really need A megabit is not a megabyte, download is not upload, and you often do not need 1000 Mbit/s at all. We explain the numbers from your internet contract. Read article → Hardware How not to ruin your eyes and health at the computer all day Practical tips to prevent eye strain and pain during all-day computer work: the 20-20-20 rule, monitor position, lighting, breaks and movement. Read article → Scams The most common scam messages and how to spot them A fake parcel, an e-mail from the bank, a phone you have won. We break down the specific scam messages people receive and show exactly how to spot them. Read article → AI Local AI on your own hardware: privacy, control and no monthly fees What local AI running on your own hardware is, its advantages over the cloud (privacy, no fees), what it needs and where it is worth it in a company. Read article → Business When to post on social media: the best days and times When is the best moment to post on social media? Recommended days of the week and times, differences between platforms and how to find your own ideal time. Read article → Scams Fake invoices and CEO fraud: how companies lose money by e-mail Companies rarely lose money to viruses, but to a single poorly verified transfer. We explain fake invoices, changed IBANs and CEO fraud. Read article → Networks Ubiquiti UniFi: an ecosystem for a modern business network What Ubiquiti UniFi is, how its central controller manages WiFi, switches and gateways from one interface and who this network ecosystem suits. Read article → Networks MikroTik CAPsMAN: central management of WiFi access points What MikroTik CAPsMAN is, how it centrally manages multiple WiFi access points from one place, what advantages it has and where it is worth deploying. Read article → Hardware UPS and surge protection: how to protect electronics from power outages A power outage or a surge after a storm can destroy a computer, a NAS or your network and rob you of unsaved data. Read article → Scams Phishing: how to recognise a scam e-mail and not fall for it Scam e-mails and text messages are today the most common way for attackers to get to your passwords and money. Read article → Data & backup NAS and a home server: your own storage for family and business Running out of space for photos and want your data under control without someone else's cloud? Read article → Software Microsoft 365 for businesses: what it is and why you should have it managed Email, Office, Teams and cloud storage in one place. We explain what Microsoft 365 offers businesses and why it pays to have it professionally managed. Read article → Repairs Infected computer? We will clean it up and give you peace of mind Are ads popping up, has your computer slowed down or started behaving strangely? It may be infected. We will clean it, secure it and advise you. Read article → Web & firms Hosting websites and web services with us, on green energy Looking for reliable hosting for a website or web service? We host them on our own infrastructure, powered partly by our own solar energy. Read article → Repairs Got an old computer? We will come and collect it. We recycle it and save you money too No longer using an old computer or laptop? We will gladly collect it, recycle it properly and securely erase any sensitive data. Get in touch. Read article → Repairs External drive not working? Do not give up right away, let us take a look Is your external drive not showing up, clicking or no longer reading? Causes, what to try yourself and when to entrust data recovery to professionals. Read article → Hardware Custom-built PCs: why they are worth it and how we do it An off-the-shelf computer does not always fit what you really need. We will build a custom PC for you, balanced and without overpaying. Get in touch. Read article → Web & firms Custom hardware devices: from idea to finished product Need a device you cannot buy? We design, build and program it exactly to your requirements, including the software and the way you operate it. Read article → Web & firms Custom 3D printing: when you simply cannot get the part A cracked bracket, a missing part, a prototype or an original gift? We will 3D print it to order, exactly to your design. We will advise on materials. Read article → Networks A Wi-Fi repeater is the worst thing you can buy. Throw it in the bin A Wi-Fi repeater will not save your network, it spoils it. We explain why it causes half the speed and dropouts, and what to use instead for a stable signal. Read article → Software Browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Edge and Brave and which to choose A comparison of the Chrome, Firefox, Edge and Brave browsers by speed, privacy and memory use. We advise which browser suits whom. Read article → Networks IPv4 vs IPv6: what they are and the difference between them The difference between IPv4 and IPv6, why IPv4 addresses are running out and what IPv6 brings. Plus whether you as an ordinary user must do anything. Read article → Repairs How to speed up a slow computer without buying a new one Is your computer dragging? We advise how to speed it up: switching to an SSD, more memory, cleaning startup, malware, dust and updates. Often no new one needed. Read article → Gaming Virtual reality (VR): what it is, what it is for and what you need What virtual reality (VR) is, what it is used for besides games, what types of headsets exist and what you need to run them. Read article → Hardware How to choose headphones: types, noise cancelling and connection How to choose headphones by type (in-ear, over-ear), wired or wireless, with or without noise cancelling. We advise based on what you will use them for. Read article → Hardware How to choose a power bank: capacity, power and safety How to choose a power bank by capacity (mAh), power in watts and connectors. We advise which is enough for a phone, tablet or laptop and what to watch out for. Read article → Web & firms A disaster recovery plan for a company What a disaster recovery plan is, why a company needs it and what it consists of. RTO and RPO, common scenarios and why to test recovery. Read article → Business Employee onboarding: IT ready for the first day What IT to prepare when a new employee starts: accounts, access, the device, 2FA and security from day one. A clear checklist that saves time and risks. Read article → Security The risks of public wifi and how to protect yourself on it Why public wifi in a cafe, hotel or airport is risky and how to protect yourself. When to use a VPN and what not to do on it at all. Read article → Scams Social engineering and AI scams: when the human is hacked What social engineering is and how AI scams change it: voice cloning, deepfakes and perfect phishing. What tricks attackers use and how to defend against them. Read article → Software How Quick Assist works in Windows Quick Assist is the built-in Windows tool for free remote help. How it works, where to find it and how to avoid tech support scammers. Read article → Software Remote access: RDP, VNC, TeamViewer, AnyDesk and RustDesk Comparison of remote access tools: RDP, VNC, TeamViewer, AnyDesk, RustDesk and others. Which one to use when and how to stay secure. Read article → Security Why Microsoft pushes the PIN code everywhere (and why it is safer than a password) Why Microsoft pushes a Windows Hello PIN instead of a password, why a PIN is safer for signing in to a device and what to watch out for. Read article → Repairs How to disable startup apps in Windows and speed up the computer Does the computer take long to start and run slowly? We show how to disable startup apps in Windows Task Manager and what you can safely disable. Read article → Hardware How much disk capacity do I need on a PC, laptop and phone How many GB or TB of storage you really need on a computer, laptop or phone. Rough recommendations by use and why to leave a reserve on the disk. Read article → Gaming PlayStation vs Xbox: which console to choose A comparison of PlayStation and Xbox: exclusive games, the Game Pass and PS Plus subscriptions, performance, controllers and ecosystem. Which suits whom. Read article → Networks Not every technician is the same: why your network breaks after new internet Got new internet installed or your router swapped and devices at home stopped working? We explain why it happens and how we set it up the right way. Read article → Software Cryptocurrencies from A to Z: a simple explanation for laymen What cryptocurrencies are, how the blockchain, a wallet and a private key work, how they are created, where they are bought and what the risks and scams are. Read article → Business What digital signage is and how it helps build a brand What digital signage (digital screens) is, how it is used in business to build a brand, where it is used and what advantages it brings over classic advertising. Read article → Business How to build a quality and well-visited e-shop or website A detailed guide on how to build a quality, well-visited website or e-shop: strategy, technology, design, speed, SEO, content, trust, security and marketing. Read article → Software Windows 10 has reached its end: what it means and how to move to Windows 11 Windows 10 support ended in October 2025. We explain why staying on it is risky, what the Windows 11 requirements are and what options you have. Read article → Networks Smart home: how to start and what to watch out for A smart home does not have to be expensive or complicated. We share advice on where to start and why a stable network and security really matter. Read article → Repairs Repasting and cleaning your computer: why and how often Noisy fan, overheating and weaker performance? We explain why it pays to clean and repaste your computer, and how often to do it so it lasts longer. Read article → Security Passwords that protect you: password manager and two-factor authentication A single leaked password can unlock your entire digital life. How a password manager and two-factor authentication protect your accounts. Read article → Repairs Is it worth switching from HDD to SSD? The best upgrade for an older computer Does your computer suddenly feel slow? Replacing the traditional hard drive with an SSD is the cheapest way to bring back its snappiness. Read article → Networks How to improve your home Wi-Fi: what really works and what is a myth Slow Wi-Fi, dropouts and weak signal in some rooms? We explain why another router will not help, how to use the 5 GHz band and what really improves the signal. Read article → Hardware How to choose a laptop: what really matters Lost in the specs when choosing a laptop? We explain what really matters (processor, RAM, SSD, display, battery) and how to pick one for what you need it for. Read article → Gaming Game console servicing: how to look after your PS5 and Xbox Is your console overheating, getting noisy or shutting itself down? Common PS5 and Xbox faults, what you can do yourself and when to seek service. Read article → Networks Camera systems for home and business: what to consider before buying Planning cameras for a house, cabin or business? We explain why it is not just about megapixels, what PoE is and how to size storage and recording correctly. Read article → Web & firms A website outage costs you customers: why to monitor availability When a website or e-shop goes down, you lose orders and trust, and you often find out too late. We show how uptime monitoring works and helps. Read article → Repairs 5 warning signs that your computer needs servicing Is your computer slow, noisy or shutting down by itself? Five signals you should not ignore and what is behind them, plus when a repair is needed. Read article → Hardware How to choose a replacement phone charger How to choose a replacement phone charger: power in watts, fast charging, USB-C and the cable. We advise what to watch out for and why not to save on quality. Read article → Hardware How to choose a replacement laptop charger How to choose a replacement laptop charger: voltage, power in watts, the connector and USB-C. We advise what to watch out for so you do not damage the laptop. Read article → Software Restore points and System Restore in Windows: rescue after an error What restore points in Windows are, how to roll the system back after a bad update and why System Restore is not a data backup. Read article → Networks Sharing a printer on the network: printing from several computers How to share a printer on the network so all computers print from it. The difference between a network and a USB printer and which method is most reliable. Read article → Repairs Reinstalling Windows: when and how to do it When it is worth reinstalling Windows and how: backing up data first, a clean install, drivers and activation. A guide so you do not lose data. Read article → Hardware Adapter power on paper versus real: how it is measured Why a charger's declared power differs from the real one, what V, A and W mean and how the real power of an adapter can be precisely measured. Read article → Gaming Streaming games and recording your screen with OBS How to start streaming games and recording your screen with OBS: what you need, how to set up scenes and sources and the demands on the computer and internet. Read article → Hardware Battery capacity on the box versus real: how it is measured Why battery capacity on the box differs from the real one, what mAh and Wh mean and how real capacity can be precisely measured with a load tester (power load). Read article → Hardware Working with two monitors: why it is worth it and how to connect them Why it is worth working with two monitors and how to connect them. The difference between extended and duplicated display and what to mind. Read article → Hardware Wired versus wireless mouse: which one to choose A comparison of a wired and wireless mouse: latency, battery, comfort and reliability. Who a wired one is better for and when a wireless one is worth it. Read article → Hardware When a laptop with a touchscreen is worth it When a laptop with a touchscreen is worth it and when it is a needless extra cost. The pros, cons, the effect on battery life and who it suits. Read article → Hardware A KVM switch: control several computers with one keyboard and mouse What a KVM switch is, how it lets you control several computers with one keyboard, mouse and monitor and when it suits. Plus types and what to watch. Read article → Web & firms What a server is: a detailed explanation for companies and homes In detail about servers: what a server is, how it differs from an ordinary computer, what types exist, where it is used and when a company or home needs one. Read article → Web & firms MDM: managing company computers and phones remotely What MDM (mobile device management) is, how it helps companies manage computers and phones remotely, set policies and wipe a device in case of loss. Read article → Hardware What a USB hub is and what it is used for What a USB hub is, how it expands USB ports, what kinds exist (powered and unpowered) and what to watch for when connecting drives and charging. Read article → Software NFTs from A to Z: a simple explanation for laymen What NFTs are, how they work, what you actually buy (and what you do not), what they are used for and what the risks and scams are. Simply for a beginner. Read article → Business Document digitization and the paperless office How to digitize documents and create a paperless office: scanning, OCR, organization and archiving. The benefits for a company and what to watch out for. Read article → Scams Safe online shopping: how to spot a fraudulent e-shop How to shop online safely and spot a fraudulent e-shop. What to watch out for when paying, how to recognize a fake store and how to protect your money. Read article → Gaming How to choose PC gaming accessories: mouse, keyboard, headset and more How to choose gaming accessories for your PC: mouse, keyboard, headset, monitor and controller. What to focus on and when paying extra is worth it. Read article → Networks What a captive portal is and where it is used What a captive portal is, that login page when connecting to public WiFi, how it works, where it is used and what benefits it brings to companies and venues. Read article → Security Parental controls and a child account: protecting kids online How to set up parental controls and a child account on a computer, phone and console. Limiting content, time and purchases to keep kids safe online. Read article → Networks What network bonding is: joining links, methods and names What bonding (joining network links) is, what methods exist and what the same thing is called across different network vendors. Read article → Networks A computer with two network cards: how to use both at once What a computer with two network cards is for and how to use both at once: bonding, separating networks, speed and backup, and when it makes sense. Read article → Data & backup How to back up data properly and why it matters Data loss can sink a business. We explain the 3-2-1 backup rule, the difference between a backup and an archive, and how recovery of lost data works. Read article → Networks What IoT (the internet of things) is: how it works and where it is used In detail about IoT (the internet of things): what it is, how connected devices communicate, where they are used and what to watch for in security. Read article → AI How to use AI chatbots effectively: ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini How to use AI chatbots like ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini effectively and safely. What they are good for, how to get better answers and what to watch out for. Read article → Networks QoS: prioritizing internet traffic for smooth calls and gaming What QoS is and how prioritizing traffic in the router ensures video calls and gaming do not stutter when someone is downloading. When QoS helps and when not. Read article → AI Cheap AI will end: why artificial intelligence will become a luxury Artificial intelligence is heavily subsidized today and almost free. Why it will not last, what happens when subsidies end and how to prepare. Read article → Repairs A laptop will not turn on or has a black screen: what to do What to do when a laptop will not turn on or lights up but has a black screen. A diagnostic procedure, the most common causes and when it is time for a repair. Read article → Gaming Retro gaming and emulators: old games on a new device What emulators are, how to run old games on a new computer, phone or Raspberry Pi and how the legality works. Plus legal alternatives. Read article → Business IT outsourcing versus an in-house IT employee: what is worth it A comparison for companies: is an in-house IT employee or IT outsourcing worth it? Costs, availability, cover during absence and when each solution makes sense. Read article → Web & firms VoIP and company telephony over the internet: benefits and what to mind What VoIP is and how company telephony over the internet saves costs and adds features. What it needs, its benefits over a landline and what to watch out for. Read article → Security Zero Trust for companies: what trusting no one really means What the Zero Trust model is and what it really means for a company. Trusting no one automatically, verifying every access and how to apply it. Read article → Hardware Smartwatches and fitness bands: the difference and how to choose The difference between a smartwatch and a fitness band, what they measure, what to watch for compatibility and how to choose based on what you expect from them. Read article → Hardware How to choose a tablet: operating system, size and performance How to choose a tablet by operating system (iPad, Android, Windows), size, performance and accessories. We advise based on what you will use it for. Read article → Software Web3 from A to Z: a simple explanation for laymen What Web3 is, how it differs from today's internet (Web2), what it is made of, what it promises and what the reality and criticism are. Simply for a beginner. Read article → Repairs Transferring data to a new computer: moving everything from the old one How to transfer data to a new computer: documents, photos, passwords and emails. Transfer methods, what cannot be copied and what not to forget. Read article → Scams The dark web and deep web: what they are, how they work and the risks In detail about the deep web and dark web: the difference between them, how to access it via Tor, the risks it poses and why it relates to internet freedom. Read article → Business Securing company email: SPF, DKIM and DMARC What SPF, DKIM and DMARC are and how they protect company email from domain abuse and phishing. Why they improve deliverability and what to watch. Read article → Security What Kali Linux is: a distribution for security experts In detail about Kali Linux: what it is, why ethical hackers use it, what tools it contains and why it is not suitable as an everyday system. Read article → Security Passkeys: logging in without a password and why they are safer What passkeys are, how passwordless login with a fingerprint or face works and why they are safer than passwords. Plus how to start using them. Read article → Networks IPTV versus satellite, cable and antenna: comparing TV reception A comparison of TV reception: antenna, satellite, cable and IPTV over the internet. Why IPTV wins and why it must stand on a well-configured network. Read article → Networks Weak mobile signal? Call over wifi even deep underground (VoWiFi) Do you have a weak mobile signal at home or in the basement? How VoWiFi (wifi calling) lets you call over your home wifi even where there is no signal. Read article → Software The metaverse from A to Z: a simple explanation for laymen What the metaverse is, how you enter it, what it is used for, how it relates to VR and Web3 and what the reality and criticism are. Simply for a beginner. Read article → Networks How to test your internet ping and latency How to easily test your internet ping and latency via an online speed test and the ping command. What values are good and what to do if you have a high ping. Read article → Networks Which internet operator to choose in Liptov Many internet operators serve the Liptov region, and each offers something different by location. We are impartial and will do a tailored comparison for you. Read article → Business Domain registrars and expired domains: where and how Where to register a domain, what expired domains are and where to buy them. Their advantages and disadvantages and how to make money on such a domain. Read article → Hardware External portable SSD: how to choose one and what to watch for How to choose an external portable SSD: the difference from a classic drive, speed, capacity, the USB-C connector, encryption and tips on using it safely. Read article → Software How to edit a PDF: merge, split, sign and shrink A practical guide on how to work with PDFs: merge and split files, reduce size, fill in and sign, convert to Word and protect with a password, often for free. Read article → Networks DNS over HTTPS: safer and more private DNS What DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is, how it encrypts your DNS queries, why it improves privacy and security and how to turn it on in your network. Read article → Networks Port forwarding: what it is and how to set it up What port forwarding is, when you need it to access a device from outside and how to set it up safely on your router without unnecessary risk. Read article → Gaming Gaming handhelds: Steam Deck and portable consoles in a nutshell Portable gaming handhelds like the Steam Deck or Nintendo Switch. How they work, how they differ from a laptop and console and who they suit. Read article → Hardware Workplace ergonomics: how to set up your desk and chair correctly How to set up your workplace so your back, neck and eyes do not hurt. The right desk and chair height, monitor position and breaks during work. Read article → Business Electronic signature: types, eIDAS and use in a company How an electronic signature works, the difference between a simple, advanced and qualified signature under eIDAS and where a company will really use it. Read article → Security How to secure a smart home and IoT devices Smart bulbs, cameras and sensors are convenient, but risky. How to secure IoT devices, separate them into their own network and protect privacy. Read article → AI AI agents from A to Z: a simple explanation for laymen What an AI agent is, how it differs from a chatbot, how it works, what it can do and what the risks are. Simply for a beginner, with a focus on safety. Read article → Scams What to do when your account gets hacked: a step-by-step guide Did someone break into your email, Facebook or another account? A calm step-by-step guide on how to get the account back, secure it and prevent further damage. Read article → Networks What a proxy and a reverse proxy are and what they are for What a proxy and a reverse proxy are, the difference between them and what they are for: privacy, security, speed and load balancing. Read article → Networks What a CDN is and how it speeds up websites worldwide What a CDN (content delivery network) is, how it speeds up websites by delivering from the nearest server and why it also helps with security. Read article → Software What cookies are and why everyone loves collecting them What cookies are, what they are for and why websites collect them. The difference between necessary and tracking cookies and how to avoid tracking. Read article → Hardware How to choose an e-reader: a detailed guide How to choose an e-reader: the e-ink display, backlight, size, formats, battery life and water resistance. We advise based on your needs. Read article → Hardware How to choose a mobile phone: a detailed, practical guide A practical guide on how to choose a mobile phone: price tiers, system, display, performance, memory, camera, battery, support and a checklist at the end. Read article → Security 7 cyber security principles for small businesses Cyber security is not just for large corporations. We bring you 7 practical principles to protect your business from phishing, ransomware and data breaches. Read article → AI Machine learning from A to Z: a simple explanation for laymen What machine learning is, how it differs from classic programming, its types, where you use it daily and what its limits are. Simply for a beginner. Read article → AI A large language model (LLM) and when to replace it with a decision tree What a large language model (LLM) is, how it works and its limits, what a deterministic decision tree is and when to sensibly replace AI with it. Read article → Hardware A quantum computer from A to Z: a simple explanation for laymen What a quantum computer is, how it differs from an ordinary one, what a qubit and superposition are, what it would be good for and what the reality is today. Read article → Networks Edge computing from A to Z: a simple explanation for laymen What edge computing is, how it differs from the cloud, why processing data near the source makes sense, where you meet it and what its limits are. Read article → Business Why every business should have professional IT support IT support and outsourcing are now needed by small and medium companies too, not just large corporations. We explain why professional IT management pays off. Read article →

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