A smart home brings convenience, but every connected device is also a possible gateway for an attacker. Cheap cameras and sensors are usually poorly secured and become a target. Here is a practical guide on how to secure your smart home.

Why IoT devices are risky

Many smart devices have weak passwords, outdated software and send data to the manufacturer’s cloud. A hacked camera can watch your home, while a weak sensor can serve as an entry point into the network. That is why they need attention.

1. Change default passwords

The first and most important thing. Many devices are sold with the same factory password (for example admin/admin), which attackers know. Change it to a strong and unique one right after installation.

2. Separate IoT into its own network

Smart devices do not belong on the same network as computers with sensitive data. Create a separate WiFi network or VLAN for them, so that in case of a breach they have no access to your important devices. The principle is explained in the article on network separation via VLAN.

3. Update regularly

Manufacturers release updates that fix security holes. Turn on automatic updates where possible and do not postpone updates. Devices the manufacturer no longer updates are a risk.

4. Secure the router and WiFi

The router is the gateway to the whole network. Set a strong WiFi password, WPA3 or WPA2 encryption and disable unnecessary features. A guide is in the article on how to secure a router.

5. Limit cloud and external access

  • Consider what really needs the cloud. Some devices can work locally via Home Assistant.
  • Do not open cameras directly to the internet. For remote access use a VPN instead of port forwarding.
  • Disable features you do not use, especially remote access and UPnP.

6. Choose trustworthy manufacturers

With smart devices it pays to pay extra for a brand that addresses security and releases updates. The cheapest no-name cameras tend to be the biggest risk.

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